冲绳海槽表层沉积物放射虫属种空间分布特征及其影响因素     

董智  石学法  邹欣庆  邹建军  杨宝菊  刘季花  程振波 《地学前缘》2020,27(6):300-312

为探究冲绳海槽放射虫属种的空间分布特征及其海洋学意义,对采自冲绳海槽北部、中部和南部3个海域的34个表层沉积物中的放射虫群落组成特征进行了系统研究。总体看来,冲绳海槽表层沉积物放射虫丰度较高,群落组成以热带-亚热带暖水放射虫属种为主,其中优势种为Tetrapyle octacantha group、Spongodiscus resurgens和Euchitonia furcata。结果表明冲绳海槽放射虫属种存在明显的区域差异性,除T.octacantha group以外,其余暖水指示种含量总体上均呈现南高北低的变化趋势。冲绳海槽北部陆架-陆坡区受长江冲淡水的影响,温度和盐度变化较为剧烈,因此可能不利于大多数放射虫暖水指示种的发育,但T.octacantha group却因自身适宜生存的温度范围较大,进而得以在冲绳海槽北部陆坡区呈现出高值。较高的中层水温度可能是抑制亚北极中层水指示种Cycladophora davisiana在冲绳海槽分布的主要因素,而冲绳海槽的高海槛则限制了太平洋深层水种Carpocanistrum papillosum和Cornutella profunda的入侵。冲绳海槽放射虫的空间分布对区域海洋环境特征有着很好的响应,因此可以为古环境重建研究提供重要依据。  相似文献   

基于企业微信的宁波市地震应急工作助手的设计与实现     

张蓓蕾  彭骁  董君磊  李杲  周浩波 《地震地磁观测与研究》2020,41(4):251-263

通过分析市县地震部门的地震应急组织机构、主要职能、关键流程，设计了地震应急工作助手的需求方案。并应用ASP.NET MVC、HTML5等开发技术，基于企业微信，开发了包括震情服务、灾情服务、应急服务、工作报告、资料查询、通知公告、通信录等7大功能的地震应急工作助手软件。该软件具有相对机动灵活、成本低、易于推广使用的优势。多次地震应急演练使用表明，软件能在较大程度上提高地震应急工作的规范化程度和处置效率。  相似文献   

中国海洋无脊椎动物分类学与系统演化研究进展与展望     

李新正  寇琦  王金宝  甘志彬  杨梅  龚琳  隋吉星  马林  曲寒雪  初雁凌  曾宥维  王伟娜  张祺  董栋 《海洋科学》2020,44(7):26-70

综述了我国海域无脊椎动物的分类学和系统演化研究的历史和概况，以及我国分类系统学工作者在海洋无脊椎动物分类学、区系与动物地理学、系统发育与分子系统学领域的主要工作，重点介绍了中国科学院海洋研究所的海洋无脊椎动物分类学工作。涉及类群包括原生动物、海绵动物、刺胞动物、线虫、多毛类环节动物、星虫、螠虫、软体动物、节肢动物、苔藓动物、毛颚动物、棘皮动物、半索动物等主要的无脊椎动物门类。涉及海域以我国管辖海域，特别是中国近海为主，也涉及了西太平洋、西南印度洋等深海环境的无脊椎动物类群的分类学报道。本文总结过去，展望未来，对于在我国在海洋无脊椎动物分类与系统演化研究领域成就基础上，发现薄弱环节，研讨今后本学科的发展方向，填补研究空白，赶超本领域国际前沿，都有重要借鉴意义。  相似文献   

袭港热带气旋持续时间长期频率分析     

陶山山  宋佳玲  廖振焜  董胜 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,(2):135-141

香港经常受到西北太平洋热带气旋的影响,对该地区热带气旋持续时间的研究有助于经济社会的稳定发展。按照气象和天文台警告信号,热带气旋分为不同的强度等级。建立热带气旋持续时间的Poisson-Weibull复合分布模型,相应获得持续时间重现值的求解公式,分别用于不同热带气旋分类下持续时间多年一遇重现值的计算中。基于1987-2016年袭港热带气旋数据的分析结果表明,Poisson-Weibull分布适用于不同的持续时间分类样本;强的热带气旋经常会伴随较长的持续时间,这将会对该地区造成更为严重的破坏,这可为防灾减灾提供参考。  相似文献   

基于沉积过程的数字岩石建模方法研究          下载免费PDF全文

田志  肖立志  廖广志  董虎  田守嶒  宋先知 《地球物理学报》2019,62(1):248-259

本文提出模拟地层沉积及成岩过程的矿物沉积算法,建立数字岩石模型,并通过对比Micro-CT扫描图像和数值模型的局部孔隙度及平均渗流概率函数分布特征,评价建模的准确性.结果表明,由二维扫描提取的粒径信息作为输入参数,模拟矿物沉积过程建模得到的三维数字岩石模型,能够准确重构原始岩心的非均质性及渗流特性,成功应用于泥质砂岩、碳酸盐岩、页岩等存在多矿物或多尺度孔隙的数字岩石建模中.数字岩石物理是正在兴起的重要技术.数字岩石采用超高分辨率先进成像装备,采集和表征微纳尺度岩石结构,在岩石弹性、电性、核磁、渗流特性等数值计算中发挥重要作用.但是,由于三维直接成像在有限视域内难以表征足够的岩石非均质性,提取二维结构统计特征,利用统计或地质过程法重构具有代表性的三维岩石结构成为十分有价值的研究课题,而且,对业界大量存在的岩石薄片及电镜高清二维图像的深度开发应用也具有重要的现实意义.本文发展的新方法,复原沉积过程,较好地解决了孔隙尺度岩石物理定量研究中数值建模与理论计算的技术瓶颈.  相似文献   

基于电化学法的铬盐清洁生产工艺研究          下载免费PDF全文

冯海涛  董亚萍  梁建  李波  张波  李武  郑竹林 《盐湖研究》2019,27(4):9-17

现有铬盐生产技术阻碍了铬盐行业的清洁化发展,研发新型铬盐生产技术实属必要。中国科学院青海盐湖研究所自行研发出一套以电化学法为基础的铬盐清洁生产工艺,涵盖三条大工艺和四种母系铬盐产品。包括氢氧化钠溶液中电化学氧化铬铁制备铬酸钠联产三氧化二铬和三氧化二铁工艺,离子膜电解法从铬酸钠合成重铬酸钠工艺,以及离子膜电解法从重铬酸钠合成铬酸酐工艺。相比现有铬盐生产技术,该技术的优势主要体现在以下五点:温和化、去渣化、高值化、自动化和高效化。目前相关研发工作业已走出实验室,走过产业化中间试验,正向产业化示范线迈进。  相似文献   

APPLYING 3D INVERSION OF SINGLE-PROFILE MAGNETOTELLURIC DATA TO IDENTIFY THE SHADE AND YUNONGXI FAULTS          下载免费PDF全文

JIANG Feng  CHEN Xiao-bin  DONG Ze-yi  CUI Teng-fa  LIU Zhong-yin  WANG Pei-jie 《地震地质》2019,41(6):1444-1463

Many synthetic model studies suggested that the best way to obtain good 3D interpretation results is to distribute the MT sites at a 2D grid array with regular site spacing over the target area. However, MT 3D inversion was very difficult about 10 years ago. A lot of MT data were collected along one profile and then interpreted with 2D inversion. How to apply the state-of-the-art 3D inversion technique to interpret the accumulated mass MT profiles data is an important topic. Some studies on 3D inversion of measured MT profile data suggested that 2D inversions usually had higher resolution for the subsurface than 3D inversions. Meanwhile, they often made their interpretation based on 2D inversion results, and 3D inversion results were only used to evaluate whether the overall resistivity structures were correct. Some researchers thought that 3D inversions could not resolute the local structure well, while 2D inversion results could agree with the surface geologic features much well and interpret the geologic structures easily. But in the present paper, we find that the result of 3D inversion is better than that of 2D inversion in identifying the location of the two local faults, the Shade Fault(SDF)and the Yunongxi Fault(YNXF), and the deep structures. In this paper, we first studied the electrical structure of SDF and YNXF based on a measured magnetotelluric(MT) profile data. Besides, from the point of identifying active faults, we compared the capacity of identifying deep existing faults between 2D inversion models and 3D models with different inversion parameters. The results show that both 2D and 3D inversion of the single-profile data could obtain reasonable and reliable electrical structures on a regional scale. Combining 2D and 3D models, and according to our present data, we find that both SDF and YNXF probably have cut completely the high resistivity layer in the upper crust and extended to the high conductivity layer in the middle crust. In terms of the deep geometry of the faults, at the profile's location, the SDF dips nearly vertically or dips southeast with high dip angle, and the YNXF dips southeast at depth. In addition, according to the results from our measured MT profile, we find that the 3D inversion of single-profile MT data has the capacity of identifying the location and deep geometry of local faults under present computing ability. Finally, this research suggests that appropriate cell size and reasonable smoothing parameters are important factors for the 3D inversion of single-profile MT data, more specifically, too coarse meshes or too large smoothing parameters on horizontal direction of 3D inversion may result in low resolution of 3D inversions that cannot identify the structure of faults. While, for vertical mesh size and data error thresholds, they have limited effect on identifying shallow tectonics as long as their changes are within a reasonable range. 3D inversion results also indicate that, to some extent, adding tippers to the 3D inversion of a MT profile can improve the model's constraint on the deep geometry of the outcropped faults.  相似文献   

Characteristics of the Seismic Waves from a New Active Source Based on Methane Gaseous Detonation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

WANG Weitao  WANG Xiang  MENG Chuanmin  DONG Shi  WANG Zhigang  XIE Junju  WANG Baoshan  YANG Wei  XU Shanhui  WANG Tao 《中国地震研究》2019,33(2):354-366

Active seismic sources are critical for obtaining high resolution images of the subsurface. For active imaging in urban areas, environment friendly and green seismic sources are required. In present work, we introduce a new type of green active source based on the gaseous detonation of methane and oxygen. When fired in a closed container, the chemical reaction, i.e. gaseous detonation, will produce high pressure air over 150MPa. Seismic waves are produced when high pressure air is quickly released to impact the surroundings. The first field experiment of this active source was carried out in December, 2017 in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province, where a series of active sources were excited to explore their potential in mine exploration. In current work, we analyzed the seismic waves recorded by near-field accelerators and a dense short-period seismic array and compared them with those from a mobile airgun source, another kind of active source by releasing high pressure air into water. The results demonstrate that it can be used for high resolution near surface imaging. Firstly, the gaseous detonation productions are harmless CO₂ and water, making it a green explosive source. Secondly, the dominant seismic frequencies are 10-80Hz and a single shot can be recorded up to 15km, making it suitable for local structure investigations. Thirdly, it can be excited in vertical wells, similar to traditional powder explosive sources. It can also act as an additional on-land active source to airgun sources, which requires a suitable water body as intermediate media to generate repeating signals. Moreover, the short duration and high frequency signature of the source signals make it safe with no damage to nearby buildings. These make it convenient to excite in urban areas. As a new explosive source, the excitation equipment and conditions, such as gas ratio, sink depth and air-releasing directions, need further investigation to improve seismic wave generation efficiency.  相似文献   

全球Argo资料共享与服务平台设计与实现     

吴森森  曹敏杰  杜震洪  张丰  刘仁义  董贵莹 《海洋通报》2018,(3):287-295

Argo资料已成为海洋环境和气候变化研究重要的实测资料来源和基础数据支撑。自2007年全球Argo实时海洋观测网建成以来,每年产生的Argo资料稳固增长,数据总量呈现出海量增长趋势,如何实时有效地对Argo数据进行组织管理与信息服务已成为当前Argo资料共享的关键难题。本文针对Argo数据多源异构的时空特性及多元化的信息服务需求,综合运用分布式混合数据库架构,设计了一种适用于全球Argo资料组织管理的弹性扩展云存储模型,建立了基于Matlab的Argo网格化产品高效可视化方法,构建了基于Flex RIA的WebGIS服务框架,并研制了"全球Argo资料共享与服务平台"实例。平台实现了对全球Argo资料的查询浏览、快速下载及可视化分析等功能,并已在中国Argo实时资料中心部署及对外服务。  相似文献   

固体潮位移InSAR相位模拟及对广域地表形变监测的影响初探   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

李德伟  江利明  蒋厚军  董景龙  汪汉胜 《地球物理学报》2019,62(12):4527-4539

固体地球潮汐(Solid earth tide,SET)在地表产生的径向位移可达40～50 cm,形变梯度可达2 cm/100 km,是各种精密大地测量和地球物理观测必须考虑的因素之一.随着星载合成孔径雷达干涉测量(Interferometric synthetic aperture radar,InSAR)地表形变监测范围的不断增大以及对精度要求不断提高,固体潮位移对InSAR观测的影响不容忽视.本文利用固体潮位移理论模型,根据InSAR测量基本原理和Sentinel-1卫星成像参数,模拟了固体潮位移InSAR相位,定量分析了其时空分布特征,并以我国江汉平原和北美大平原的Sentinel-1数据为例,探讨了固体潮位移InSAR相位对广域地表形变监测的影响.结果表明:(1)固体潮位移对InSAR广域地表形变监测存在较大影响,在250 km×250 km范围中,以C波段为例,其相位变化可达12 rad(对应52 mm视线向形变);(2)固体潮位移相位在中低纬度(60°S—60°N)地区变化较大,两极地区较小,且在时间上具有明显的周期性;(3)在Sentinel-1 InSAR观测中,通过固体潮位移相位改正去除了干涉图中的部分低频相位偏差,相比原始干涉图,改正后的解缠相位标准差减小了约29%.本研究对于认识固体潮位移InSAR相位的时空分布特征以及提高星载InSAR广域地表形变监测的准确度与可靠性均具有重要意义.  相似文献